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To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiviral efficacy of chloroquine against human coronavirus strain OC43 infection.

Antiviral Activity of Chloroquine against Human Coronavirus OC43 Infection in Newborn Mice

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To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiviral efficacy of chloroquine against human coronavirus strain OC43 infection.
In vitro antiviral activity and cytotoxicity were measured in HCoV-OC43-infected HRT-18 cell cultures to calculate effective and cytotoxic concentrations.
Newborn C57BL/6 mice with lethal HCoV-OC43 infection received chloroquine transplacentally or through maternal milk via daily maternal dosing of 1, 5, or 15 mg/kg body weight.
In HRT-18 cells, chloroquine inhibited HCoV-OC43 replication with a 50% effective concentration of 0.306 ± 0.0091 µM and a 50% cytotoxic concentration of 419 ± 192.5 µM, yielding a selectivity index of 1,369.
Maternal chloroquine administration significantly reduced pup mortality in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in newborn survival rates of 98.6% at 15 mg/kg, 88% at 5 mg/kg, and 13% at 1 mg/kg.

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Preclinical study demonstrates chloroquine prevents lethal coronavirus infection in newborn mice, indicating potential as an antiviral therapy.

Keyaerts et al. (2009) studied this question.

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Preclinical study demonstrates chloroquine prevents lethal coronavirus infection in newborn mice, indicating potential as an antiviral therapy.