Electrochemical CO ₂ Reduction to Multicarbon Fuels and Chemicals: Progress and Prospects of Tandem Electrolyzer Strategies

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electrolysis, with implications for both industrial deployment and broader decarbonization efforts. Looking ahead, further advances will depend on addressing single-cell issues in catalyst selectivity and stability and on rigorous, tandem-level scale-up demonstrations, accompanied by comprehensive techno-economic analyses.