Association Between Inflammatory Mediators and Pulmonary Blood Flow in a Rabbit Model of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Combined With Shock

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Pulmonary angiography results in S and MPE groups. The pulmonary circulation time was significantly prolonged in the MPE group (n = 6) compared with that of the S group (n = 8). *P < 0.05 vs. S group. S, sham operation group; MPE, massive pulmonary embolism group.

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  FIGURE 2. Histological features of PE and non-PE tissues with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). The interstitial edema (red lines) and the inflammatory cell infiltration (green arrows). PE, pulmonary embolism tissue; non-PE, non-pulmonary embolism tissue. S, sham operation group (n = 4); MPE, massive pulmonary embolism group (n = 5). Scale bars: 50 μm.

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  FIGURE 3. iNOS and Arg-1 immunohistochemical staining features of PE and non-PE tissues. Bar graphs showed the significant increase of iNOS, Arg-1, and iNOS/Arg-1 ratio in the MPE group (n = 5) compared with the S group (n = 4). Data are expressed as mean ± SD by bar graphs, *P < 0.05 vs. S group. PE, pulmonary embolism tissue; non-PE, non-pulmonary embolism tissue. S, sham operation group; MPE, massive pulmonary embolism group. Scale bars: 50 μm.

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  FIGURE 4. mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in PE (A) and non-PE (B) tissues by RT-PCR. Bar graphs indicated that TNF-α, IL-1β, mRNA expressions of the MPE group (n = 5) in PE and non-PE tissues were significantly increased. IL-6 mRNA levels in non-PE tissues were significantly increased than in the S group (n = 4), which was tended to be higher in PE tissues. Data are expressed as mean ± SD by bar graphs. *P < 0.05 vs. S group. PE, pulmonary embolism tissue; non-PE, non-pulmonary embolism tissue. S, sham operation group; MPE, massive pulmonary embolism group.

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  FIGURE 5. Levels of TXA2 and PGI2 in PE (A) and non-PE (B) tissues by ELISA. The vasoconstrictor factor TXA2 was increased and the vasodilator factor PGI2 of MPE group (n = 5) tended to be lower in PE and non-PE tissues. Data are expressed as mean ± SD by bar graphs, *P < 0.05 vs. S group (n = 4). PE, pulmonary embolism tissue; non-PE, non-pulmonary embolism tissue. S, sham operation group; MPE, massive pulmonary embolism group.

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  FIGURE 6. α-SMA immunohistochemical staining features of PE and non-PE tissues. The α-SMA expression in PE and non-PE tissues in the MPE group (n = 5) was significantly higher than in the S group (n = 4). Data are expressed as mean ± SD by bar graphs, *P < 0.05 vs. S group. PE, pulmonary embolism tissue; non-PE, non-pulmonary embolism tissue. S, sham operation group; MPE, massive pulmonary embolism group. Scale bars: 50 μm.