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Take a CN bond and make it better: The optimized conditions for continuous-flow palladium-catalyzed CN bond-forming reactions have been determined. They require the use of aqueous KOH, toluene as the solvent, tetrabutylammonium bromide as a phase-transfer catalyst, and a packed-bed microreactor (see scheme; TBAB=tetrabutylammonium bromide). In some cases, peforming these reactions under harsh conditions led to greatly enhanced reaction rates.
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Naber et al. (2010) studied this question.
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