Argument explores how textual variants in the New Testament reduce confidence in biblical information, posing an epistemic challenge to belief.
I argue that textual variants pose a problem for religious belief. Specifically, the existence of hundreds of thousands of textual variants in the New Testament's manuscript tradition, many of them large and ideologically motivated, should reduce a believer's confidence in the Bible as a source of information. This problem is different from the problems of evil and divine hiddenness because, whereas those problems entail the falsity of a religious claim, such as theism, this problem poses an epistemic challenge instead.
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Douglas R. Campbell (2026) studied this question.
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