Primary Care–Integrated mHealth Intervention for HIV Self-management Among Thai Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study

Thai men who have sex with men living with HIV face persistent self-management challenges. This Phase 2 mixed-methods quasi-experimental study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the Interactive HIV/AIDS Self-Management Education Application, a theory-informed mHealth intervention integrated within primary care. Sixty-three participants (n = 32 intervention; n = 31 comparison) were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, with propensity score weighting used to reduce bias. Feasibility was high (79.4% retention; 72.0% adequate engagement), and acceptability was strong, with high ratings on the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (median = 4.5/5). Qualitative findings supported acceptability by highlighting sustained engagement and perceived usefulness. The intervention demonstrated promising preliminary efficacy signals for improving antiretroviral therapy adherence, HIV self-management, and quality of life, supporting further evaluation in a fully powered randomized controlled trial and suggesting potential benefits of mHealth-supported self-management within primary care settings for long-term patient-centered HIV care delivery.