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This study aims to evaluate sexual dimorphism in the shape of maxillary first and second molars using geometric morphometrics.

August 9, 2026PLoS ONEOpen Access

Geometric morphometric analysis of maxillary molar sexual dimorphism: A cross-sectional study

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This study aims to evaluate sexual dimorphism in the shape of maxillary first and second molars using geometric morphometrics.
Cross-sectional analysis of digitized dental casts from 60 males and 60 females.
Three-dimensional landmarks were marked and analyzed using various statistical methods including Procrustes superimposition and discriminant function analysis.
Shape changes and allometry were tested between sexes for both UM1 and UM2 molars.
Centroid size was not significantly different between sexes for both UM1 and UM2 (p > 0.05).
Significant shape differences were found in UM2 (p = 0.01), while UM1 showed no significant differences (p = 0.15).
Allometry was more pronounced in UM2 (6.96%) compared to UM1 (2.39%) with a p-value < 0.001.

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Cross-sectional study evaluates shape differences in maxillary molars, revealing significant findings in males and females.

Natarajan et al. (2026) studied this question.

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