Digital Twin-Enabled Facilities Management for Shopping Malls: Integration of BIM, IoT, and Real-Time Operational Data

Shopping malls are complex commercial facilities in which building services, tenant operations, visitor experience, safety, energy consumption, and maintenance performance interact continuously. This review examines how digital twins can strengthen mall facilities management by integrating building information modelling, Internet of Things sensing, building management systems, computerized maintenance platforms, and real-time operational data. A structured synthesis of recent built-environment research was undertaken to identify enabling technologies, operational applications, expected benefits, implementation barriers, and governance requirements. The evidence shows that a useful digital twin is not merely a three-dimensional model. It is a connected decision environment that links verified asset information with live conditions, historical records, analytical models, and work-management processes. For shopping malls, the most valuable applications include plant monitoring, predictive maintenance, energy optimization, indoor-environment management, space and occupancy analysis, emergency coordination, tenant service management, and lifecycle planning. Benefits depend on data quality, semantic interoperability, clear asset ownership, cybersecurity, staff capability, and integration with existing facilities workflows. The paper proposes a phased framework that begins with high-value use cases and a reliable data foundation before expanding toward portfolio-wide simulation and automation. This approach enables mall owners and facilities teams to improve operational visibility, reduce avoidable disruption, and support evidence-based asset decisions.