Understanding prosthesis patient mismatch in aortic valve replacement: from pitfalls to clinical impact

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Gorlin formula and Doppler continuous equation. EOA: effective orifice area

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  Fig. 2. Vena contracta and Pressure recovery. The figure was quoted from https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/717442/pressure-recovery-what-is-it-and-why-do-we-want-it with modification

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  Fig. 3. EOA measurement by Doppler vs. catheter. A: EOA (Doppler) vs. EOA (catheter at vena contracta). B: EOA (Doppler) vs. EOA (catheter after pressure recovery). Figures are quoted from Garcia D et al.23

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  Fig. 4. An example of calculating the Fitting Index. The area-derived and perimeter-derived diameters were calculated from the native aortic annulus area and perimeter measured on preprocedural CT, assuming a circular annulus. Area-derived diameter = 2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\:\sqrt{area/3.14}$$\end{document}. Perimeter-derived diameter=perimeter/3.14. CT=computed tomography, THV=transcatheter heart valve

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  Fig. 5. Fitting index and the incidence of new permanent pacemaker implantation, effective orifice area, and mean pressure gradient. Density curves of perimeter-derived fitting index in Myval series and Sapien series in the LANDMARK trial. Patients were divided based on the crossing points (< X or > Y: inappropriate fitting, > X or < Y: appropriate fitting; X = 0.99, Y = 1.06). Rates of new permanent pacemaker implantation, effective orifice area, and mean pressure gradient at 30 days are tabulated. The figure is adapted from van Royen N et al.56