SINCE theclassic workofOppenheim,l ourknowledge ofthehistologic response oftheperiodontium andalveolar bonetostress hasadvanced considerably.2-8 Oppenheimdemonstrated thatthereaction ofthesupporting structures to stress wasnotduetotheelasticity, compressibility, orextensibility ofthebone, ashadbeenwidely held.Instead, heshowedaseries ofchanges in thebonecharacterized byareas ofresorption anddeposition, mediated bytension andosteoblastic activity ontheonehandandbypressure andosteoclastic activity ontheother. Inhisstudies, orthodontic appliances wereplaced onbaboon teeth, andthereaction ofthetissues wasascertained after varying lengths oftime hadelapsed. Thorough asthese andother investigations havebeen, theyhave involved elaborate technics andhavebeenlimited torelatively fewandlarge animals (dogs, monkeys, andhumanbeings) whichposecertain problems with regard tocontrol ofgenetic andother variables, factors whicharepractically impossible toruleoutinstudies onhumanmaterial. Toovercome these limitations, asimple methodhasbeendevised usingthelaboratory ratastheexperimentalanimal.9 Thistechnic affords increased possibilities forexperimental control andtheuseofrelatively large numbers ofanimals.
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Waldo et al. (1954) studied this question.