Deep learning applications based on SDSS photometric data: detection and classification of sources

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Most astronomical source classification algorithms based on photometric data struggle to classify sources as quasars, stars, and galaxies reliably. To achieve this goal and build a new Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometric catalogue in the future, we apply a deep learning source detection network built on YOLO v4 object detection framework to detect sources and design a new deep learning classification network named APSCnet (astronomy photometric source classification network) to classify sources. In addition, a photometric background image generation network is applied to generate background images in the process of data sets synthesis. Our detection network obtains a mean average precision score of 88.02 when IOU = 0.5. As for APSCnet, in a magnitude range with 14–25, we achieve a precision of 84.1 \ per\ cent at 93.2 \ per\ cent recall for quasars, a precision of 94.5 \ per\ cent at 84.6 \ per\ cent recall for stars, and a precision of 95.8 \ per\ cent at 95.1 \ per\ cent recall for galaxies; and in a magnitude range with less than 20, we achieve a precision of 96.6 \ per\ cent at 94.7\ per\ cent recall for quasars, a precision of 95.7\ per\ cent at 97.4\ per\ cent recall for stars, and a precision of 98.9 \ per\ cent at 99.2 \ per\ cent recall for galaxies. We have proved the superiority of our algorithm in the classification of astronomical sources through comparative experiments between multiple sets of methods. In addition, we also analysed the impact of point spread function on the classification results. These technologies may be applied to data mining of the next generation sky surveys, such as LSST, WFIRST, and CSST etc.