Age and Gender Difference in the Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Peripheral Artery Disease Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

Metabolic syndrome was associated with a higher prevalence of peripheral artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (adjusted OR 1.97, p=0.001), rising to OR 2.73 with five components.

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=3638). Intervention: Metabolic syndrome (3, 4, or 5 components) vs. Non-metabolic syndrome (0, 1, or 2 components). Primary outcome: Presence of peripheral artery disease (defined as ankle-brachial index ≤ 0.9 in either leg) (OR 1.97, p=0.001).

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased prevalence of peripheral artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes, with risk progressively rising with the number of metabolic syndrome components, particularly among younger patients, older patients, and females. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Xiaotong Feng; Yongsong Xu; Lin Zhu; Kun Li; Lin Mao; Huan Dong; Dong Zhao; Jing Ke

doi:10.1155/ijvm/5572344

January 1, 2025International Journal of Vascular MedicineOpen Access

Age and Gender Difference in the Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Peripheral Artery Disease Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Key result

Metabolic syndrome linked to ~97% higher odds of PAD in type 2 diabetes.

OR 1.97
P=0.001
n=3,638

Figures

Why the study?

The association between peripheral artery disease and metabolic syndrome across different age and gender groups among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus required investigation.

Is metabolic syndrome and an increasing number of its components associated with a higher prevalence of peripheral artery disease across different age and gender groups in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Key Points

To evaluate the association between peripheral artery disease (PAD) and metabolic syndrome across different age and gender groups in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Enrolled 3638 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including 281 patients with PAD and 3357 patients without PAD.
Measured anthropometric indices, metabolic laboratory markers, and the ankle–brachial index (ABI) to identify PAD.
Performed multiple logistic regression adjusting for age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, diastolic blood pressure, smoking, uric acid, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
Metabolic syndrome was associated with higher odds of PAD (OR = 1.97, p = 0.001), with risk increasing progressively across three (OR = 1.65), four (OR = 2.0), and five components (OR = 2.73).
Stratified analysis showed increased PAD risk with more metabolic syndrome components in patients aged < 40 years (OR = 1.59, 2.04, and 3.27 for 3, 4, and 5 components) and aged ≥ 60 years (OR = 1.61, p = 0.191; OR = 2.55, p = 0.012; OR = 3.20, p = 0.015), but not in those aged 40–59 years.
The association was substantially stronger in females across three (OR = 2.46, p = 0.029), four (OR = 2.94, p = 0.012), and five components (OR = 6.28, p < 0.001) than in males.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=3,638)

Multicenter

No

Structured PICO

Is metabolic syndrome and an increasing number of its components associated with a higher prevalence of peripheral artery disease across different age and gender groups in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus?

P

Population

3,638 adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus registered at a single metabolic center in China from 2017 to 2021, evaluated cross-sectionally for peripheral artery disease and metabolic syndrome.

E

Exposure

Metabolic syndrome (defined as ≥3 components: waist circumference ≥90 cm in males or ≥85 cm in females, elevated blood glucose/diabetes, BP ≥130/85 mmHg or hypertension, fasting TG ≥1.70 mmol/L, fasting HDL-C <1.04 mmol/L) and increasing number of MetS components (3, 4, or 5 components)

C

Comparator

Non-metabolic syndrome (0, 1, or 2 MetS components)

O

Outcome

Presence of peripheral artery disease (PAD), defined noninvasively as an ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤ 0.9 in either the right or left legsurrogate

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 1.97

p-value: p=0.001

In patients with Type 2 diabetes, the odds of peripheral artery disease increase progressively with the number of metabolic syndrome components, with particularly strong associations observed in female patients and those aged <40 or ≥60 years.

Limitations

Single-center study, which may limit the generalizability of the findings
PAD was defined based on the ABI in the absence of clinical symptoms such as acral numbness or intermittent claudication of lower limbs
Lack of widespread vascular ultrasound use may have affected the overall assessment of PAD

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Implication

May warrant heightened PAD vigilance in T2DM with metabolic syndrome; extends cross-sectional associations but leaves open prospective validation.

Abstract

Purpose: Our study is aimed at exploring the association between peripheral artery disease (PAD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) across different age and gender groups among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients and Methods: A total of 3638 patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study, including 281 patients with PAD and 3357 patients without PAD. Demographic data and anthropometric measurements, such as height, weight, and waist circumference, were collected. Laboratory tests and ankle–brachial index (ABI) assessment were also conducted. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between PAD and the number of MetS components across different age and gender groups. Results: After adjusting for potential confounding factors, our results indicated that the ORs for the presence of PAD increased progressively with the number of MetS components. Stratified analysis showed that this effect was particularly pronounced in younger patients (aged < 40 years) and older patients (aged ≥ 60 years), where the risk of PAD rose with an increasing number of MetS components. Furthermore, the positive association between the number of MetS components and PAD presence was significantly stronger in females. Conclusions: In summary, our findings suggest that the risk of PAD is positively correlated with the number of MetS components in patients with T2DM, especially among younger patients and older patients. Additionally, the positive association between the number of MetS components and the presence of PAD was significantly more evident in female patients.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Feng et al. (2025) conducted a cross-sectional in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=3,638). Metabolic syndrome (3, 4, or 5 components) vs. Non-metabolic syndrome (0, 1, or 2 components) was evaluated on Presence of peripheral artery disease (defined as ankle-brachial index ≤ 0.9 in either leg) (OR 1.97, p=0.001). Metabolic syndrome was associated with a higher prevalence of peripheral artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (adjusted OR 1.97, p=0.001), rising to OR 2.73 with five components.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a78b6b56789de8d0af7e980 https://doi.org/10.1155/ijvm/5572344

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Age and Gender Difference in the Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Peripheral Artery Disease Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Figures

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Age and Gender Difference in the Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Peripheral Artery Disease Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Figures

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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