The origin of biliary strictures after liver transplantation: Is it the amount of epithelial injury or insufficient regeneration that counts?

Biliary complications continue to be a major problem after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The incidence of biliary complications varies between 10% and 40% in different series and this type of complications is associated with frequent hospital admissions and high morbidity and mortality rates [1–3]. Among the variety of biliary complications that can occur after OLT, bile duct strictures are of the most concern. Bile duct strictures can be classified as anastomotic strictures (AS) or non-anastomotic strictures (NAS).