Review Article: Depression, Anxiety and Cardiac Surgery in the Indian scenario: a review

Up to 15 percent of patients with cardiovascular disease and up to 20 percent of patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery experience major depression. For more than two decades, the prognostic influence of depression on cardiac surgery is unavoidable. Cardiac surgery may provide a suitable exemplar to better understanding of psychological mechanism of cardio-pathogenesis. It is surprise considering that some pathophysiological mechanisms through which depression is hypothesized to affect coronary heart disease exhibit a paucity of research till date .Addressing the depressed patient has traditionally not been a priority in the management of cardiac surgical patients despite the fact that a disproportionate number of patients in the cardiac surgery population suffer from depression. Naturally, the rates of depression after cardiac surgery highlight a requirement for appropriate identification, support, and intervention efforts. Collaboration between psychologists and psychiatrist specialists with cardiac surgeons, cardiologists, and cardiac nurses may enhance the research basis for improved patient outcomes. It is commonly hoped that intervention might mitigate the deleterious impact of depression on subsequent morbidity and mortality.