Developing a scale for environmental, social, and governance measurements of a convention and exhibition center

Using a mixed-methods approach, this study develops and validates an environmental, social, and governance (ESG) measurement scale for convention and exhibition centers from the perspectives of venue operators and event organizers. The findings identify eight ESG subdimensions for operators and nine for organizers, addressing the lack of industry-specific ESG metrics. Drawing on stakeholder and institutional theory, the study demonstrates that ESG measurement supports stakeholder value creation, institutional legitimacy, and ESG implementation. The proposed MICE-specific ESG metrics provide a foundation for industry-specific ESG management while serving as a credible marketing signal that enhances venue reputation, competitiveness, and customer loyalty.