Polarity Tunable Trionic Electroluminescence in Monolayer WSe₂

Monolayer WSe 2 exhibits luminescence arising from various types of exciton complexes due to strong many-body effects. Here, we demonstrate selective electrical excitation of positive and negative trions in van der Waals metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) heterostructure consisting of few-layer graphene (FLG), hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and monolayer WSe 2 . Intentional unbalanced injection of electrons and holes is achieved via field-emission tunneling and electrostatic accumulation. The device exhibits planar electroluminescence from either positive trion X + or negative trion X – depending on the bias conditions. We show that hBN serves as a tunneling barrier material allowing selective injection of electron or holes into WSe 2 from FLG layer. Our observation offers prospects for hot carrier injection, trion manipulation, and on-chip excitonic devices based on two-dimensional semiconductors.