Intersectionality in Social Capital in Driving Social Transformation and Gender Equity Through Inclusive Renewable Energy in East Sumba

Sumba Island, one of Indonesia’s poorest regions, faces multidimensional poverty and climate challenges. In 2010, the government, non-governmental organizations, and donors designated it a Renewable Energy Iconic Island to promote inclusive development and gender justice. Luku Wingir Village in East Sumba became a model site through the Humba Hammu Association, which led gender-equitable, community-based renewable energy projects. This study examines how intersectionality within social capital shapes social transformation while addressing gender inequality. Luku Wingir’s social capital spans kinship bonds, cross-strata bridges, and links with external actors, yet traditional hierarchies among nobles (maramba), free people (kabihu), and servants (ata) perpetuate exclusion. Qualitative findings reveal disparities in energy access, decision-making, and participation. The Humba Hammu Association strategically uses social capital to challenge structural barriers, build trust, foster collective agency, and connect with institutions, catalyzing shifts in power, nurturing inclusive leadership, and sustaining social transformation through renewable energy.