Synthesis of model composite mineral particles for flotation studies: A review

Synthetic composites are artificially generated particles with controlled mineral grain type, texture, and liberation characteristics. Initially developed as controls for stereological correction procedures, these engineered particles have since gained attention in flotation research due to their reproducible and controllable composition. By carefully selecting mineral components and controlling their assembly, synthetic composites minimise variability associated with natural ores such as inconsistent grain size distribution and complex locking texture, allowing for more reliable interpretation of flotation results. This work explores the various synthesis methods used to create composite particles for flotation applications, including mechanical blending, polymer encapsulation, and sol–gel processes. By highlighting the advantages and limitations of each method, this study aims at supporting the development of standardized, application-specific, composite particles for various flotation studies.