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This study investigates the predictors of COVID-19 vaccination refusal in Sweden and the mediating role of anti-vaccination attitudes.

COVID‐19 Vaccination Refusal in Sweden: Anti‐Vaccination Attitudes and the Role of Contrarian Worldviews, Political Orientation, and Psychological Dispositions

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Randomized trial examines anti-vaccination attitudes in Swedish citizens, indicating key psychological factors.

This study investigates the predictors of COVID-19 vaccination refusal in Sweden and the mediating role of anti-vaccination attitudes.
Analyzed survey data from 1293 Swedish citizens using structural equation modeling.
Examined associations between contrarian worldviews, political orientations, and psychological dispositions with vaccination refusal.
Evaluated the role of demographic factors in predicting vaccination attitudes.
Contrarian worldviews were strongly associated with higher anti-vaccination attitudes, leading to increased vaccination refusal likelihood.
Political orientation showed minimal unique contribution beyond contrarian worldviews, with no significant direct associations to vaccination outcomes.
Need for cognitive closure and need to belong directly correlated with vaccination refusal, while anxiety was positively linked to anti-vaccination attitudes.

Nowicka et al. (2026) studied this question.

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