Verification of equations for up-peak traffic analysis of elevator destination control system based on calculation and simulation

Destination Control System (DCS) is getting popular in the elevator industry where a significant portion of new high-rise buildings are equipped with elevators controlled under DCS rather than the conventional collective control system (CCS). However, both ISO 8100-32 and CIBSE Guide D are still advising calculation as the first step of conceptual design using formulae associated with CCS under an up-peak condition. The effect of the control system is checked by simulation. Formulae for DCS in uniformly populated buildings during up-peak conditions have been suggested since the first DCS elevators were installed in the early 1990s, evolving steadily ever since. However, not even one formula is globally accepted up to this moment. This paper aims at revisiting the suggested formulae for DCS and extending these formulae to include non-uniformly populated buildings. They are studied by calculation and cross checked by computer simulation. The goal is to determine a set of formulae that safely covers DCS performance under an up-peak condition for both uniformly and non-uniformly populated buildings. Such selected best formulae must see a close resemblance between results of calculation and of simulation. In elevator planning, this new set of formulae is recommended for DCS design when simulation tools are unavailable. Practical application: CIBSE Guide D and ISO 8100-32 have been two standards widely used by the lift industry to design a lift system. Both emphasize on the importance of conceptual design by calculation as the first stage, followed by computer simulation to get the details. But only equations applicable to uniformly populated buildings for systems under the conventional collective control are available in the two publications. In this paper, existing equations for destination control systems applicable to uniformly populated buildings are re-examined and improved, and they are extended to non-uniformly populated buildings under DCS, verified by both calculation and computer simulation. With this new set of equations, it is hoped that traffic design could be more comprehensive.