Key result
Excessive salt and sugar consumption contributes to the development of prehypertension and hypertension in children and adults, highlighting the need for early non-pharmacological interventions.
Early non-pharmacological interventions targeting excessive salt and sugar intake are critical for preventing prehypertension and hypertension, starting in childhood.
AutoĹi definujĂ pojem prehypertenze (PHT) a hypertenze (HT), uvedena je jejich prevalence u dÄtĂ a dospÄlĂ˝ch. UpozorĹujeme na tzv. programming PHT a HT jiĹž v prenatĂĄlnĂm a ÄasnĂŠm postnatĂĄlnĂm obdobĂ. Uveden je pĹehled konzumace soli u nĂĄs a ve svÄtÄ ve vztahu k PHT a HT a komplikacĂm kardiovaskulĂĄrnĂch onemocnÄnĂ (KVO). Je vysvÄtlen pojem senzitivita, resp. rezistence pĹi nadmÄrnĂŠ dodĂĄvce soli podmiĹujĂcĂ vzestup krevnĂho tlaku (TK). StruÄnÄ jsou uvedeny nĂĄzory na patofyziologii PHT a HT, shrnuta fakta o konzumaci soli v historii a souÄasnosti a moĹžnosti prevence KVO. Rizika PHT/HT jsou v souÄasnosti spojena s narĹŻstajĂcĂm vĂ˝skytem nadvĂĄhy/obezity u dÄtĂ a dorostu, ty jsou Äasto spojeny s vysokou konzumacĂ nejen soli, ale i cukru. Shrnujeme zĂĄsady primĂĄrnĂ prevence PHT/HT a komplikacĂ KVO se zdĹŻraznÄnĂm nefarmakologickĂŠ intervence. Prevence by mÄla zaÄĂt jiĹž ve vÄku, kdy o jedince peÄujĂ pediatĹi. The definition and diagnostics of prehypertension (PHT), hypertension (HT) and their prevalence in children and adults are presented. Attention was drawn to the PHT and HT programming already in the prenatal and early postnatal period. An overview of very high salt consumption in the Czech Republic and in the world which is connected with PHT, HT and later with complications of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The concept of salt sensitivity/ resistance is explained. Briefly presented are opinions on the pathophysiology of hypertension. Summarized are the facts about salt consumption in history and the present and possibility of CVD prevention. Recently, the risk of PHT/HT is currently associated with the increasing incidence of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents, who are often associated with high consumption of not only salt, but also sugar. Summarized are principles of primary prevention of PHT/HT and complications of CVD with emphasis on early non-pharmacological intervention. Prevention of PHT/HT should start already at the age when the individual health care is provided by pediatricians.
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Janda et al. (2023) conducted a review in Prehypertension and hypertension. Excessive salt and sugar consumption was evaluated. Excessive salt and sugar consumption contributes to the development of prehypertension and hypertension in children and adults, highlighting the need for early non-pharmacological interventions.
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