This paper describes developments of integrated tools for predicting, monitoring, and controlling ground movements associated with excavations in urban areas. The paper describes developments in the following areas: (1) laser scanning and webcams for developing an accurate record of construction activities; (2) automated and remote instrumentations to measure movements; (3) intelligent, self-updating numerical models to compute anticipated ground movements, and to learn from field observations; and (4) integration of heterogeneous data using a geographic-information-system. These new technologies and improvements are illustrated using excavations in the Chicago area.
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Hashash et al. (2008) studied this question.