Genuine divalent magnesium-ion storage and fast diffusion kinetics in metal oxides at room temperature

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Significance Rechargeable Mg batteries constitute safe and sustainable high-energy density electrochemical energy storage devices. However, due to an extremely high charge density of Mg 2+ ions, “real” Mg 2+ -intercalation chemistry has been rarely realized, and significantly decelerated Mg 2+ -diffusion kinetics is always encountered, especially in metal-oxide systems. Herein, we demonstrate a generic strategy to overcome the hitherto insurmountable challenge of developing rechargeable metal-oxide electrode materials for Mg batteries, with genuine Mg 2+ storage, record fast diffusion kinetics, and excellent cycling performance.