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In this article, I provide a basic introduction to the concepts and theory of redundancy in organizational systems. The roots of redundancy are explored, and four different types of redundancy are identified and discussed. Assumptions underlying both redundant and nonredundant systems are examined. I also review some of the criticisms of redundancy and examine several problems associated with transferring the concepts of redundancy to social systems.
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Calvin L. Streeter (1992) studied this question.
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