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Mathematical analysis demonstrates weakly mixing billiard flows across a residual set of polygons, indicating typical chaotic dynamics in these systems.
We prove that there exists a residual set of (non-rational) polygons such the billiard flow is weakly mixing with respect to the Liouville measure (on the unit tangent bundle to the billiard). This follows, via a Baire category argument, from showing that for any translation surface the product of the flows in almost every pair of directions is ergodic with respect to Lebesgue measure. This in turn is proven by showing that for every translation surface the flows in almost every pair of directions do not share non-trivial common eigenvalues.
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Chaika et al. (2026) studied this question.
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