Development of efficient regeneration systems for barley cultivars grown in Türkiye

Successful use of modern plant breeding technologies relies on the availability of efficient regeneration systems. The present study was carried out to develop efficient regeneration systems in 18 barley cultivars grown in T?rkiye, and to compare them with cultivar (cv.) Golden Promise, tissue culture standard cultivar in barley. Four different auxin types (dicamba, 2,4-D, NAA and IAA) were studied. Regeneration was carried out using 1 mg/L kinetin and 0.25 mg/L 2,4-D. Callus formation percentage, amount of callus produced and regeneration rate were different among cultivars, auxin types and cultivar x auxin combinations. Dicamba gave better results for callus formation percentage and amount of callus produced directly from embryos, while 2,4-D was better for amount of callus production in subcultures and regeneration rate. Compared to barley tissue culture standard cv. Golden Promise, cv. Angora had better callus production percentage, while cv. ?etin-2000 was better for amount of callus produced directly from embryos and cv. Tokak 157/37 was better for amount of callus produced in subculture. Regeneration rates of cultivars Cumhuriyet-50, ?erifehan?m-98 and ?atalh?y?k 2001 were not significantly different from that of cv. Golden Promise. Successful regeneration was achieved in other cultivars used except for cv. Orza. In conclusion, most Turkish cultivars had similar callus production frequency and amount similar to cv. Golden Promise, but lower plant regeneration rates.