Key result
Dietary methionine restriction reduces PVAT lipid accumulation by ~20 percentage points and boosts thermogenic markers.
Why the study?
Perivascular adipose tissue regulates vascular health and dietary methionine restriction impacts age-related adiposity, but its effects in perivascular adipose tissue remained to be addressed.
Does dietary methionine restriction prevent age-related lipid accumulation and preserve the thermogenic phenotype in thoracic aortic perivascular adipose tissue across different life stages in male C57BL/6 mice?
Does dietary methionine restriction prevent age-related lipid accumulation and preserve the thermogenic phenotype in thoracic aortic perivascular adipose tissue across different life stages in male C57BL/6 mice?
Dietary methionine restriction prevents age-related whitening and lipid accumulation in thoracic perivascular adipose tissue across the mouse lifespan and promotes a protective thermogenic phenotype when initiated in young adulthood.
Hypothesis-generating for methionine restriction preserving thermogenic PVAT in mice; human translation untested and should not change practice.
OBJECTIVE: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates vascular health. Dietary methionine restriction (MetR) impacts age-related adiposity, and this study addresses its effects in PVAT. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice at 8, 52, and 102 weeks of age were fed a standard (0.86%) or low-methionine (0.12%) diet for 52 weeks in 8-week-old and 52-week-old mice and for 15 weeks in 102-week-old mice. RESULTS: Mice with dietary MetR were resistant to weight gain and maintained a healthy blood profile. Aging increased lipid accumulation, and MetR reversed this phenotype. Notch signaling in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) was decreased by MetR but increased in gonadal white adipose tissue. However, the Notch phenotype of brown adipose tissue (BAT) was not affected by MetR. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was increased in PVAT, iWAT, and BAT by MetR when initiated in young mice, but this effect was lost in middle-aged mice. CONCLUSIONS: Lipid in mouse PVAT peaked at 1 year of age, consistent with peak body mass. MetR reduced body weight, normalized metabolic parameters, and decreased lipid in PVAT in all age cohorts. Mice fed a MetR diet from early maturity to 1 year of age displayed an increased thermogenic adipocyte phenotype in iWAT, PVAT, and BAT, all tissues with thermogenic capacity.
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McGilvrey et al. (2022) studied Age-related adiposity and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) whitening in mice (n=44). Dietary methionine restriction (MetR) vs. Standard control diet with 0.86% methionine w/w (both diets composed of 14% kcal protein, 76% kcal carbohydrate, and 10% kcal fat) was evaluated on Lipid proportion in thoracic aortic perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and expression of thermogenic adipocyte markers (UCP1, CoxIV, GRP75) (p=<0.05). Dietary methionine restriction (0.12%) significantly reduced PVAT lipid accumulation from ~57-62% to ~35-43% (p<0.05) in young mice and increased thermogenic UCP1 expression.
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