Key result
Smoking in young high-intensity aerobic athletes was associated with a significantly higher resting heart rate (75.2 vs 66.2 bpm) and lower heart rate recovery (26.3 vs 35.2 bpm) compared to non-smokers.
Why the study?
Few studies have examined how smoking influences heart rate response and heart rate recovery in high-intensity aerobic athletes.
Does smoking impair heart rate response and heart rate recovery after the Harvard Step Test in young high-intensity aerobic athletes?
Cross-Sectional (n=50)
Does smoking impair heart rate response and heart rate recovery after the Harvard Step Test in young high-intensity aerobic athletes?
Mean Difference: 9.1 (95% CI 4.44–13.842)
Absolute Event Rate: 75.2% vs 66.2%
p-value: p=<0.001
In young high-intensity aerobic athletes, smoking is associated with a higher resting heart rate and impaired heart rate recovery following exercise, indicating early autonomic dysfunction.
Smoking associated with higher resting HR and slower recovery in aerobic athletes; leaves open whether cessation improves autonomic function.
Background: Smoking has an influence on physiological responses and exercise performance. Exercise training results in a slow resting heart rate through changes in cardiac autonomic balance in addition to intrinsic remodeling of the sinoatrial node. Compared with athletes in static sports, heart rate is slower in athletes involved in dynamic sports. However, not many studies have examined how smoking affects the heart rate response and heart rate recovery in high-intensity aerobic athletes. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study. Data on age, gender, body mass index, smoker or non-smoker status, resting heart rate, and blood pressure before the test were collected. Maximum heart rate, heart rate 1 minute after maximum, heart rate recovery, and blood pressure after the test were measured. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 24 program: unpaired t-test, Mann-Whitney test, ANCOVA. Results: A total of 50 samples were involved in the study, divided into 25 smoking athletes and 25 non-smoking athletes. The mean resting heart rate in smoking athletes was significantly higher (75 vs 66, p<0.001). The mean maximum heart rate was higher in smoking athletes but not statistically significant (149.5 vs 147.6, p=0.635). The mean 1-minute heart rate after the test was found to be significantly higher in smoking athletes (123 vs 112, p=0.018). The mean heart rate recovery was significantly lower in the smoking athletes (26.3 vs 35.2, p=0.002). Covariate analysis of age, gender, and body mass index did not have a simultaneous effect on resting heart rate, maximum heart rate, 1-minute heart rate after the test, and heart rate recovery (p>0.05). Conclusion: Resting heart rate and 1-minute heart rate after the Harvard Step Test were higher in young high-intensity aerobic athletes who were smokers. Heart rate recovery was lower in young high-intensity aerobic athletes who were smokers.
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Wisuda et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in Smoking in athletes (n=50). Smoking vs. Non-smoking was evaluated on Resting heart rate (MD 9.1, 95% CI 4.440-13.842, p=<0.001). Smoking in young high-intensity aerobic athletes was associated with a significantly higher resting heart rate (75.2 vs 66.2 bpm) and lower heart rate recovery (26.3 vs 35.2 bpm) compared to non-smokers.
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