Piezo-semiconductor-void interplay in the size-dependent dynamics of Rayleigh waves within the Moore–Gibson–Thompson framework

Purpose This study aims to focus on a comparative analysis of three prominent models within the realm of Rayleigh wave dynamics: the piezo-thermoelastic with voids, the piezo-thermoelastic semiconductor and the composite piezo-thermoelastic semiconductor with voids. Design/methodology/approach An innovative mathematical framework has been meticulously developed, incorporating the influential Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) theory. The investigation commences with the formulation of governing equations that smoothly combine concepts from the voids, semiconductor and piezoelectric theories. The governing equations are established under the purview of Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory. These complex equations are expertly solved using an eigenmode technique. The surface wave decay condition is then used to refine these root solutions. Findings This study delivers valuable insights into key parameters, encompassing surface particle motion, attenuation coefficients and phase velocities. These outcomes are thoroughly compared across the three models, offering a distinctive perspective on their individual characteristics. To enhance the understanding, these findings are graphically demonstrated with scenarios where semiconductor or void effects are isolated, thereby enriching the depth of the research. Research limitations/implications The analysis assumes specific types of boundary conditions at the surface. Real-world scenarios might involve more complex or mixed boundary conditions that could influence the Rayleigh wave behavior differently. Practical implications The findings emphasize the role of nonlocal elasticity and material properties in optimizing wave behavior, offering significant implications for the development of next-generation sensing and signal transmission technologies. By strategically engineering these factors, researchers can enhance wave propagation efficiency, minimize energy loss and improve the performance of piezoelectric and semiconductor-based devices. Originality/value This study unravels the intricate interplay of factors such as medium depth and nonlocality, profoundly influencing the dynamic behavior of Rayleigh waves within these captivating systems. The comparative analysis of the three models under the MGT theory and nonlocal elasticity provides a distinctive perspective and valuable insights into their individual characteristics.