Comorbidity and Haemodialysis Adequacy in End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients in Lesotho

Background: Low- and middle-income countries including Lesotho are faced with a huge burden of end-stage kidney disease in people experiencing human immune virus (HIV), hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM).Objectives: To assess the comorbidity, mortality rate and evaluate the haemodialysis adequacy in patients with end-stage kidney disease in Motebang government hospital.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 142 adult male and female patients enrolled for haemodialysis from 1st October 2017 to 30th June 2023 in Motebang government hospital. Patient’s characteristics and clinical outcomes data were analysed using descriptive statisticsResults: Among 142 patients enrolled, there were 84 (59.2%) males and 58 (40.8%) females. 19 (13.4%) patients were below 34 years while 33 (23.3%) patients were between 45 and 64 years. In all age groups, 41 (28.9%) patients had HIV, 37 (26.1%) patients had HTN alone and 24 (16.9%) patients had combination of HTN and DM. In 63 deceased patients, there were 36 (57.1%) males and 27 (42.7%) females. Among deceased, 18 (28.5%) patients had HIV, 15 (23.8%) had combination of HTN and DM, 14 (22.3%) patients had HTN alone, while all the patients (99.3%) were also anaemic. Since 2017, 19 (30.2%) patients died in 2020, 12 (19%) died in 2022 while only 4 (6.3%) patients died up to date (June 2023). Among 79 patients, only 1 (1.3%) patient had urea- reduction ratio (URR) greater than 65%.Conclusions: Chronic diseases are the major risks factors in patients with end-stage kidney disease in Motebang hospital. Haemodialysis adequacy should form the integral part of monitoring in patients with end-stage kidney disease to prolong life.