Engineering spatially defined extracellular matrix gradients to govern self-organized multicellular aggregates in a glioblastoma-on-a-chip

expression increased by over 559-fold compared to the control group. Compared to conventional 96-well plate MTT assays, the multicellular aggregates demonstrated enhanced resistance to temozolomide, highlighting its utility for drug response studies in a physiologically relevant context. This work establishes a robust platform for constructing quantitative ECM gradients and serves as a potential tool for investigating cell-ECM interactions and high-throughput drug screening within biomimetic TMEs.