Overview of pathophysiology and management of AF

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common supraventricular arrhythmia associated with uncoordinated and irregular atrial activity. It significantly affects morbidity and mortality by escalating the risk of thromboembolic phenomena and haemodynamic compromise. AF is associated with high health-care costs and symptom burden for patients. This article provides an overview of the causes, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology and management of this condition. As AF is encountered throughout a range of care environments, including primary health care, emergency care and acute care, it is critical for nurses to have a good understanding of the mechanisms and management of AF in order to effectively contribute to the diagnosis, treatment and support of patients. In this article, the important contributions of nurses in optimising the care of patients who have AF are discussed and key topics for patient education and support are identified.