Topological catalysis in the language of chemistry

Topological phases of matter are an active research topic because of their multiple applications, including in quantum computers and energy-efficient devices. The last decade has witnessed a growing interest in experimental chemistry-heterogeneous catalysis, asymmetry synthesis, etc. but there remains a lack of understanding of how topological properties interact with the reaction processes. Thus, a critical review of the chemical properties of topological materials is urgent, which is not only important for the design of highly efficient catalysts for clean energy production and carbon neutrality, but also provides an alternative tool to understand and tailor the topological properties for physicists, chemists, and material scientists. In this review, we begin with the concept of topology and topological materials and then attempt to uncover the underlying relationship between topological properties and catalytic reactions. Further, recent progress in the development of topological catalysts for various reactions is discussed, including hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction, and selective hydrogenation. We discussed the factors that may suppress the contribution of topological electronic structures, especially surface reconstruction, and oxidation. Most importantly, we elaborate on the challenges and controversies in the understanding of the topological catalysis mechanisms from in-situ electrochemical characterization techniques. In the end, we highlight the promising techniques to further uncover the topological catalysis mechanisms and how to extend the application of topological materials.