The bitter principles in the leaves and vines of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae), momordicines I, C30H48O4·H2O, and II, C36H58O9, were isolated and their structures were elucidated as 3β, 7β, 23ζ-trihydroxy-cucurbita-5, 24-dien-19-al and its 23-O-β-glucopyranoside, respectively. The structure of momordicine III, which was isolated as its acetate, C48H68O16·1/2H2O, is indicated to be a 23-O-β-glucopyranoside of 3β, 7β, 23ζ-trihydroxy-24-oxo-cucurbita-5, 25-dien-19-al by the spectral and chemical evidence.
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Yasuda et al. (1984) studied this question.