Five methods for the extraction of low-polarity compounds from Mikania glomerata Spreng. (Compositae) leaves were compared: conventional maceration, maceration with sonication, Soxhlet, and supercritical fluid extraction using hexane (SFE-hexane) or carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2) as the extraction fluid. Evaluation of these methods by relating extraction yield to extraction time showed that SFE-hexane was the most efficient method. SFE-CO2 showed a lower yield, but significantly higher than conventional methods (maceration and Soxhlet). SFE-hexane and maceration gave the highest yield of coumarin, while maceration under sonication gave the highest yield of kaurenoic acid. Among the further chemical constituents of Mikania glomerata leaves identified by high resolution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were lupeol and lupeol acetate.
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Vilegas et al. (1997) studied this question.