What question did this study set out to answer?

To assess how the timing and duration of antibiotic treatment affects the eradication of AOM pathogens in young children.

Pathogens in the Nasopharynx Before and After Antibiotic Treatment for Acute Otitis Media

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Randomized trials investigate antibiotic effectiveness on pathogen eradication in children with AOM, suggesting individualized treatment approaches.

To assess how the timing and duration of antibiotic treatment affects the eradication of AOM pathogens in young children.
Secondary analysis of three randomized clinical trials
Included children aged 6–35 months with AOM
Compared immediate vs. delayed treatment and 5 vs. 10 days of antibiotic therapy.
Antibiotic treatment reduced S. pneumoniae carriage in 78% and M. catarrhalis in 85% of cases (95% CI)
H. influenzae was eradicated in only 20% of cases (95% CI)
Timing of treatment had no significant effect on pathogen eradication rates.

Björn et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Randomized trials investigate antibiotic effectiveness on pathogen eradication in children with AOM, suggesting individualized treatment approaches.