Validating pipe-in-pipe vibration software model to accurately determine ground-borne noise and vibration above construction tunnels

The London Crossrail project required that re-radiated noise from the construction of the tunnels should achieve exceptionally stringent criteria with respect to ground-borne noise and vibration. The challenge has been to implement robust vibration modelling for the movement of construction trains within the tunnel in order to derive noise levels within sensitive properties. The Pipe-in-Pipe (PiP) software model has been modified and refined empirically utilising the measurement of exceptionally low vibration levels emanating from the temporary underground construction railway track.