Perioperative Blood Pressure Variability in the Treated Hypertensive Patients

Perioperative blood pressure (BP) management is important to prevent cardiovascular complication, especially for hypertensive patients. In the present study, we investigated perioperative BP variability and contributing factors in hypertensive patients. Subjects were 28 treated hypertensive patients who underwent total or subtotal gastrectomy. Ambulatory BP monitoring was carried out before and after (16 days in average) the surgery. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and diuretics were withdrawn on the previous day, while other drugs were administered until the day of surgery. BP, body weight, blood chemistry, as well as the use of intravenous vasopressor or vasodepressor agents during the perioperative period were investigated. The 24-hour BP before surgery was 124 ± 19/70 ± 12 mm Hg, and the number of antihypertensive drugs was 1.8. In 22 patients, intravenous vasopressor agents were used during surgery, while another patient received intravenous vasodepressor agents after surgery. The 24-hour BP significantly decreased after surgery (-8.2 ± 14.7/-2.6 ± 7.3 mm Hg). Body weight, serum Na, and hematocrit also decreased. There were nine patients whose 24-hour systolic BP decreased by more than 10 mm Hg and for two patients more than 20 mm Hg. The decrease in BP correlated with the change in serum Na. Forty-three percent of the patients who took ACE inhibitors/ARBs showed BP reduction greater than 10 mm Hg, while 25% of the patients without these drugs showed such BP reduction. Our findings suggest that 24-hour BP decreases after gastrectomy. Patients taking ACE inhibitors or ARBs may need careful monitoring to prevent excessive BP fall.