Impact of Premenstrual Syndrome on Sleep Quality Among Women Aged 18–25 Years: A Cross-sectional Analysis

Apart from hormonal imbalances, micronutrient levels of magnesium, zinc, and calcium are also implicated in the pathogenesis of PMS.5,6 The overnight polysomnography is the gold standard method, although it has disadvantages in terms of cost-effectiveness and the use of large equipment.2 In this study, we have used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate the subjective sleep quality in young women aged 18-25 years.The main objective was to estimate the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome using the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) in women aged 18-25 years and its impact on sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). IntroductIonPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition presenting with extensive and troublesome symptoms that arise in the days preceding menstruation and can continue for days during menstruation.1 It is a cyclical disorder observed in the late luteal phase, presenting with behavioral, physical, and psychological changes that affect interpersonal relationships and daily activities.[1][2][3] Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a more severe condition involving symptoms that include significant changes in mood or emotional health.PMS can result in greater problems in school, at work, and in society.The severity of premenstrual syndrome varies with person, but some women find that the symptoms disrupt their day-to-day life and activities.4,5 PMS affects 25% of women and mostly the symptoms are moderate.The likelihood of having PMS changes over the course of a woman's life.[4][5][6] Sleep disturbances are more common in young women with Premenstrual syndrome.Women with PMS report sleep disturbances as an increased number of awakenings and sleep latency with decreased sleep efficiency.[7][8][9] The etiological cause of PMS is complicated, as there are fluctuations in the hormonal levels during the normal menstrual cycle.There is an increased progesterone level and decreased levels of its metabolite, allopregnanolone, in the luteal phase, which can cause sleep disturbances.The metabolite of progesterone, allopregnanolone, increases dopamine levels in the brain, leading to increased anxiety and subsequent sleep disturbances.Women with PMS also experience tiredness, daytime sleepiness, and fatigue.