Unresolved Issues of the Morning Blood Pressure Surge: The Next Stage of Clinical Applicability for the Morning Surge

Kario K, Pickering TG, Umeda Y, et al : Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly hypertensives: a prospective study. Circulation 2003; 107 : 1401–1406. Article PubMed Google Scholar Metoki H, Ohkubo T, Kikuya M, et al : Prognostic significance for stroke of a morning pressor surge and a nocturnal blood pressure decline: the Ohasama study. Hypertension 2006; 47 : 149–154. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Gosse P, Lasserre R, Minifié C, Lemetayer P, Clementy J : Blood pressure surge on rising. J Hypertens 2004; 22 : 1113–1138. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Kuwajima I, Mitani K, Miyao M, Suzuki Y, Kuramoto K, Ozawa T : Cardiac implications of the morning surge in blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients: relation to arising time. Am J Hypertens 1995; 8 : 29–33. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Rizzoni D, Porteri E, Platto C, et al : Morning rise of blood pressure and subcutaneous small resistance artery structure. J Hypertens 2007; 25 : 1698–1703. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Marfella R, Siniscalchi M, Portoghese M, et al : Morning blood pressure surge as a destabilizing factor of atherosclerotic plaque: role of ubiquitin‐proteasome activity. Hypertension 2007; 49 : 784–791. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Ikeda T, Gomi T, Shibuya Y, et al : Morning rise in blood pressure is a predictor of left ventricular hypertrophy in treated hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res 2004; 27 : 939–946. Article PubMed Google Scholar Kario K, Ishikawa J, Pickering TG, et al : Morning hypertension: the strongest independent risk factor for stroke in elderly hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res 2006; 29 : 581–587. Article PubMed Google Scholar Kario K, Pickering TG, Matsuo T, Hoshide S, Schwartz JE, Shimada K : Stroke prognosis and abnormal nocturnal blood pressure falls in older hypertensives. Hypertension 2001; 38 : 852–857. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Zakopoulos NA, Tsivgoulis G, Barlas G, et al : Time rate of blood pressure variation is associated with increased common carotid artery intima‐media thickness. Hypertension 2005; 45 : 505–512. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Amin R, Somers VK, McConnell K, et al : Ativity‐adjusted 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure and cardiac remodeling in children with sleep disordered breathing. Hypertension 2008; 51 : 84–91. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Haas DC, Foster GL, Nieto FJ, et al : Age‐dependent associations between sleep‐disordered breathing and hypertension: importance of discriminating between systolic/ diastolic hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension in the Sleep Heart Health Study. Circulation 2005; 111 : 614–621. Article PubMed Google Scholar Stergiou GS, Mastorantonakis SE, Roussias LG : Morning blood pressure surge: the reliability of different definitions. Hypertens Res 2008; 31 : 1589–1594. Article PubMed Google Scholar Wizner B, Dechering DG, Thijs L, et al : Short‐term and long‐term repeatability of the morning blood pressure in older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens 2008; 26 : 1328–1335. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Leary AC, Struthers AD, Donnan PT, MacDonald TM, Murphy MB : The morning surge in blood pressure and heart rate is dependent on levels of physical activity after waking. J Hypertens 2002; 20 : 865–870. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Kario K, Schwartz JE, Pickering TG : Ambulatory physical activity as a determinant of diurnal blood pressure variation. Hypertension 1999; 34 : 685–691. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Jones H, Atkinson G, Leary A, George K, Murphy M, Waterhouse J : Reactivity of ambulatory blood pressure to physical activity varies with time of day. Hypertension 2006; 47 : 778–784. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Kario K : Morning surge and variability in blood pressure: a new therapeutic target? Hypertension 2005; 45 : 485–486. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Eguchi K, Tomizawa H, Ishikawa J, et al : Factors associated with baroreflex sensitivity: association with morning blood pressure. Hypertens Res 2007; 30 : 723–738. Article PubMed Google Scholar Kario K, Matsui Y, Shibasaki S, et al : Japan Morning Surge‐1 (JMS‐1) Study Group: An alpha‐adrenergic blocker titrated by self‐measured blood pressure recordings lowered blood pressure and microalbuminuria in patients with morning hypertension: the Japan Morning Surge‐1 Study. J Hypertens 2008; 26 : 1257–1265. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Ishikawa J, Hoshide S, Shibasaki S, et al : JMS‐1 Study Group: The Japan Morning Surge‐1 (JMS‐1) study: protocol description. Hypertens Res 2006; 29 : 153–159. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Kario K : Vascular damage in exaggerated morning surge in blood pressure. Hypertension 2007; 49 : 771–772. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Download references