Key result
Plasma aldosterone levels were associated with moderate to severe OSA in white patients (OR 1.002, P=0.002), but the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in OSA patients was low (8.9%).
Why the study?
The association between primary aldosteronism and obstructive sleep apnea has been debated, despite guideline recommendations to screen all hypertensive OSA patients for PA.
Cross-Sectional (n=410)
Yes
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea are not at high risk of primary aldosteronism, challenging current guidelines that recommend screening all hypertensive OSA patients for PA.
The association between primary aldosteronism (PA) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been a matter of debate. 2016 Endocrine Society guideline recommends screening for PA all hypertensive patients with OSA. We designed a multicenter, multiethnic, cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of PA in patients with OSA and the prevalence of OSA in unselected patients with PA. Two hundred and three patients with OSA (102 whites and 101 Chinese) were screened for PA, and 207 patients with PA (104 whites, 100 Chinese, and 3 of African descent) were screened for OSA by cardiorespiratory polygraphy. Eighteen patients with OSA (8.9%) had PA (11.8% of white and 5.9% of Chinese ethnicity). In patients without other indications for PA screening, the prevalence of PA dropped to 1.5%. The prevalence of OSA in patients with PA was 67.6%, consistent in both white and Chinese patients. A correlation between aldosterone levels and apnea/hypopnea index was observed in white patients with PA ( R 2 =0.225, P =0.016) but not in Chinese patients. Multinomial logistic regression confirmed a significant and independent association between plasma aldosterone levels and moderate to severe OSA diagnosis in white patients (odds ratio, 1.002; P =0.002). In conclusion, aldosterone levels may contribute to the severity of OSA in white patients with hyperaldosteronism, but patients with OSA are not at high risk of PA. Results of the present study challenge the current recommendation of the Endocrine Society guideline that all patients with OSA should be screened for PA, irrespective of the grade of hypertension.
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Buffolo et al. (2019) conducted a cross-sectional in Primary aldosteronism and obstructive sleep apnea (n=410). Plasma aldosterone levels was evaluated on Moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis (OR 1.002, p=0.002). Plasma aldosterone levels were associated with moderate to severe OSA in white patients (OR 1.002, P=0.002), but the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in OSA patients was low (8.9%).
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