Effects and moderators of exercise medicine on cardiometabolic outcomes in men with prostate cancer previously or currently undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: An individual patient data meta-analysis

To examine the effects and moderators of exercise effects on cardiometabolic outcomes in men with prostate cancer previously or currently undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Seven trials including 560 patients were examined. Exercise resulted in significant effects on whole-body and regional fat mass (P ≤ 0.001). For whole-body fat mass, significant exercise effects were observed in patients who were unmarried (−1.4 kg, P < 0.05) and who presented with higher fat mass levels (−1.0 kg, P < 0.05). For diastolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), younger (−4.7 mmHg, P < 0.05) and older patients (−0.2 mmol.l -1 , P < 0.10) achieved greater effects, respectively. Regarding high-density lipoprotein (HDL), patients undertaking ADT + prostatectomy + radiotherapy derived significant exercise effects (0.3 mmol.l -1 , P < 0.05). Exercise effectively reduces fat mass across subgroups of men undergoing or following ADT with different characteristics. For diastolic blood pressure, HDL and LDL, groups based on age and treatment history could be specifically targeted with exercise medicine. • Exercise effectively reduces fat mass in men with prostate cancer. • Patients who were unmarried presented greater reductions in fat mass. • Patients presenting with higher fat mass levels presented greater fat mass reductions. • Age significantly moderated the exercise effects on diastolic blood pressure and LDL. • Patients undertaking ADT + prostatectomy + radiotherapy presented greater HDL increases.