Catalytic CC bond forming transformations via direct β-CH functionalization of carbonyl compounds

Strategies have emerged over the past decade to enable the direct functionalization of the remote and inert β-CH bonds of carbonyl compounds. Based on these strategies, a wide collection of novel β-CC bond formation transformations have been developed, including arylation, alkylation, alkenylation, alkynylation, and carbonylation. This review summarizes these recent methods for CC bond formations via direct β-CH functionalization of carbonyl compounds. The scope and limitation of each strategy are also discussed.