Coupling iron oxide with iron single-atom catalyst promotes neutral electrochemical nitrate reduction from water

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO 3 RR) presents a promising approach for sustainable water denitrification. Yet its practical implementation is hindered by sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, we develop a dual-functional catalyst comprising carbon-wrapped Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles integrated with Fe single atom sites (FeNC-Fe 3 O 4 ) as, which demonstrates exceptional activity and stability for NO 3 RR. The FeNC-Fe 3 O 4 achieves a Faradic efficiency of 95.63% and an NH 3 yield of 2.95 mg cm -2 h -1 at -0.6 V vs. RHE in a neutral electrolyte. Mechanistic investigations, including in situ analysis and density functional theory calculations, reveal that the synergetic interplay between FeNC and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and the enlargement on double-layer capacitance, reduces the energy barrier for key intermediates, and provides abundant active sites for NO 3 RR. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibits an 85.1% nitrate conversion efficiency and 87.2% N 2 selectivity at -0.6 V vs. RHE, where Cl - play a crucial role in promoting the N 2 generation. This work underscores the potential of integrating Fe 3 O 4 with FeNC to advance the practical utility of single atom catalysts, offering a design paradigm for advanced metal oxide hybrid catalysts.