Why the study?
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is associated with adverse outcomes including increased morbidity, mortality, prolonged recovery times, and higher healthcare costs, warranting an overview of its prevention and management.
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Design
Overview
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This review highlights the importance of preoperative assessment, intraoperative enhanced-recovery protocols, and postoperative monitoring for the prevention and early detection of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is an event that alarms medical personnel owing to its adverse effects, including heightened morbidity and mortality rates, prolonged recovery times, and increased lengths of hospital stay and healthcare expenditure. The populations at high risk are elderly, critical patients, or complicated cases that need prolonged surgery in which the hemodynamics are not stable. Although guidelines have been established to facilitate the early diagnosis of POCD, its prevention is recommended for good patient outcomes. A preoperative assessment is a prerequisite for patient optimization before surgery. Intraoperative, enhanced-recovery protocols have been widely adopted to promote recovery following surgery. Frequent, postoperative assessments of patients’ vital signs and cognitive functions are required for early POCD detection. Patients diagnosed with POCD need regular follow-up, and proper patient counselling is paramount.
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Suenghataiphorn et al. (2022) studied this question.
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