A Novel Three-Dimensional and Tissue Doppler Echocardiographic Index for Diagnosing and Prognosticating Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Figures

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  Figure 1. Flowchart of study selection. HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RHC, right heart catheterization; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HFpEF, Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.

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  Figure 2. ROC analysis showed the SVI/S', E/e', LAVI and NT-proBNP diagnosing ability. SVI/S', the ratio of body surface area standardized stroke volume (SVI) and tissue Doppler mitral annulus systolic peak velocity; E/e', the ratio of early diastolic transmitral velocity to early diastolic septal myocardial velocity; LAVI, left atrial volume index; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide.

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  Figure 3. Kaplan–Meier curves for the freedom from the primary outcome. SVI/S', the ratio of body surface area standardized stroke volume (SVI) and tissue Doppler mitral annulus systolic peak velocity.

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  Figure 4. SVI/S' is the initial changing echocardiographic parameter in the process of HFpEF. BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; E/e', the ratio of early diastolic transmitral velocity to early diastolic septal myocardial velocity; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; LA, left atrium; LAD, left atrial diameter; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LV, left ventricular; SVI/S', the ratio of body surface area standardized stroke volume (SVI) and tissue Doppler mitral annulus systolic peak velocity; TRV, tricuspid regurgitation velocity.