What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to establish a unified measurement framework for assessing virtue strength without bespoke studies for each virtue.

August 12, 2026Open Access

THE MEASUREMENT STRUCTURE OF THE VIRTUES: A Taxonomy and a Generic Protocol for Measuring Virtue Strength

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Presents a generic protocol for measuring virtues in various regimes, indicating efficiency in virtue assessment.

The aim is to establish a unified measurement framework for assessing virtue strength without bespoke studies for each virtue.
Developed a generic protocol parameterized at four choice-points for measuring virtues.
Executed power analyses in two measurement regimes: enactment (generosity) and defiance (courage).
Classified 111 virtues into measurement regimes based on behavior and situational context.
In the generosity regime, a panel of 150 instances observed thrice outperforms 500 instances observed once.
The courage regime shows naive estimation skews perceptions of virtue, requiring careful sample-selection correction.
Most virtues fall into complete-record regimes, with hostile environments shifting some to censored regimes.

José Caetano de Mattos (2026) studied this question.

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