What does this research mean for the field?

Ocular torsion during head-upright oblique gaze is governed by the reorientation of a fovea-attached retinal reference frame relative to a projected external upright, rather than solely by globe-centered kinematics. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.METHODOLOGICAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.ESTABLISHES_NEW_DIRECTION.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To provide a geometric and physiological framework for understanding ocular torsion through retinal orientation rather than traditional kinematics.

August 12, 2026Open Access

The Retinal Compass Theory of Ocular Torsion

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To provide a geometric and physiological framework for understanding ocular torsion through retinal orientation rather than traditional kinematics.
Developed the Retinal Compass Theory by establishing a mathematical torsional function based on retinal orientation and external upright projection.
Analyzed ocular orientation in relation to extraocular muscle actions and brainstem circuitry.
Considered experimental measurements related to ocular torsion in various gaze positions.
Proposes that ocular torsion reflects reorientation of the fovea relative to an upright reference during head-upright oblique gaze.
Establishes that dextroelevation shares torsion with dextrodepression, while levoelevation shares with levodepression.
Identifies a distinction between ocular orientation and coordinate-dependent representations across three-dimensional models.

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Implication

This theoretical framework explains ocular torsion via retinal orientation, suggesting new insights for clinical evaluation.

Cite This Study

Ghassan Mohamedsalih (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7c20ae06a85aed514b7986 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21879345

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The Retinal Compass Theory of Ocular Torsion

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

The Retinal Compass Theory of Ocular Torsion

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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