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The aim is to investigate how turbulent heat transfer is affected by rough surfaces at various Prandtl numbers.

Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Heat Transfer Over Rough Surfaces at Medium–high Prandtl Numbers

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Randomized trial examines heat transfer enhancement in rough pipes, indicating strong geometric effects.

The aim is to investigate how turbulent heat transfer is affected by rough surfaces at various Prandtl numbers.
Wall-resolved Large Eddy Simulations were performed at bulk Reynolds numbers ranging from 2000 to 15000.
Controlled numerical procedures were used to generate roughness with specified correlation length, amplitude, and skewness.
Time-averaged velocity, temperature profiles, and turbulent heat fluxes were analyzed to assess thermal diffusion and roughness effects.
The rough surface led to a systematic downward shift of the mean temperature profile, enhancing heat transfer across all tested Prandtl numbers.
Local heat-transfer enhancement was increasingly sensitive to surface elevation as the Prandtl number increased.
Roughness-induced heat-transfer enhancement increased monotonically with Reynolds number, confirming consistent mechanisms across conditions.

Himani Garg (2026) studied this question.

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