Genetic markers showed that spermatozoa of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., can produce progeny after storage for 2 years at –196°C Progeny counts indicated that a loss of viability may have occurred between 4 days and 2 years of storage. Nine queens inseminated with spermatozoa stored 4 days produced 22% worker brood (range = 8–55%); eight queens inseminated with spermatozoa stored 2 years produced 8% worker brood (range = 1–25%) ( P < 0.05).
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John R. Harbo (1983) studied this question.
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